![]() ![]() In Aristotle’s work, a subject (onoma) is linked to a verb (rhema), together which becomes a proposition (logos).ĭeduction and proof developing in Greek mathematics is said to have influenced Aristotle (Verify/validate, how exactly he was influenced by it). ![]() EuthydemusĬontains a large number of paradoxes Aristotle (385 – 323 B.C.) SophistĪnalyzes simple statement as containing verb (rhêma / ῥῆμα) which indicates the action and noun (onoma / ὄνομᾰ). Plato brought structure and rules to the argumentation that was conducted in antiquity. Valid and invalid arguments were studied which resulted in identifying ways in which valid inferences can be made. He is also said to have anticipated the law of non-contradictionĭeepening the studies on the structure of argumentation lead to reflection upon patterns of argumentation. Think ‘is’ can have one more which is predication (The ball is red) Plato is said to have grappled with the ideas of multiple meanings of the word ‘is’:ġ/ to represent being (Example: There is a ball)Ģ/ to represent equality (Archytas is the King of Greece) ![]() ![]() Negation is said to have a narrower scope than affirmation in that negation negates the predicate not whole sentences. Plato is said to have produced a deflationist theory of truth by saying that when a statement is true when it says what is and false when it is not (Theatetus is flying). Statements with empty subject-predicate relationships are excluded as statements. That is in other words, both the onoma and rhema (or subject and predicate) are present. Something was considered to be a statement when it specifies a subject and says something about it. Socrates Plato (428/27/24/23 – 348/47 B.C)ĭistinguished between syntax (What is a statement?) and semantics (When is it true?). The book is also said to be one of the primary records that shows the awareness that self-reflexive/self-referential use of the truth predicate can be problematic as seen in Liar’s paradox. This process is said to be accomplished through dissoid logoi One of the key themes of the book seems to be that in order to act, one must be persuaded to choose one side or the other. Perhaps the earliest surviving piece of logical arguments. Alcidamas (~4th Century B.C.)ĭistinguished between phasis (assertion) and apophasis (denial), and question and address (prosagoreusis) Antisthenes (446 – 366 B.C.)ĭefined a sentence as that which indicates a thing was or is. This is said to be related to logic of induction. Xenophanes of Colophon (570 – 480 B.C.) Epimenides Sophists Gorgias Hippias Prodicus Protagoras (490 – 420 B.C.)ĭistinguished between wish, question, answer, and command Hippocrates (460 – 370 B.C.)Īttempt at formulating principles of scientific research. But B/that is impossible, hence A/this is impossible. to 6th century A.D Early Greeks Parmenides Zeno of EleaĪrgumentation had methods that resembled reduction ad absurdumĪ/this if B/that. The period roughly between 8th century B.C. It chronicles the eminent personalities, schools of thought, ideas of each epoch. A repo that keeps track of the history of logic. ![]()
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